What are deciding factor in the value or exchange of a countries currency?
Basically it boils down to demand and supply of goods and services from the country; imports and exports. In short, international trade.
If one country were to import more than its export, then there would be a high demand of foreign currencies. In order to get their hands on such foreign currencies, they must use their own currencies in exchange of foreign currencies. In doing so, the value of the foreign currencies vis-a-vis domestic currencies will increase whilst the value of domestic currencies will fall.
How much the country can back up their money, the amount of debt a country owes to another country, real GDP levels, etc etc. There are lots of factors.
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